Overall cash funding for the HSE fell dramatically from £228 million in 2010 to just £126 million in 2019. And while it rose to £185 million in 2022, the current level of funding is still 43% below what it was in 2010, taking into account one-off ringfenced payments. This represents a “long-term cash decline and overall significant real-terms funding decline” and has resulted in a staffing and skills crisis.