Ms Catten, a PCS safety rep, was refused time off by her management to attend a TUC Stage 3 health and safety course, leading to a qualification recognised by the Institution of Occupational Safety and Health (IOSH).Her management said that there was no business case for her to attend the course, as she had already undergone basic health and safety training and the expertise gained on the course could have been obtained from the DSS Department for Social Security's own consultants.