What constitutes ‘industrial action’

Most calls by a union for members to take industrial action will amount to an inducement for members to breach their employment contract (or one of the other economic torts set out above), either by striking or engaging in industrial action short of a strike (IASS). There is no general definition of “industrial action”. Instead, the issue has been judged “best left to the experience and good sense of employment tribunals” (Norris v London Fire & Emergency Planning Authority [2013] UKEAT/0146/12/KN).