Other stages of appeal

Most disciplinary procedures in the private sector provide only one right of appeal. Other stages of appeal are sometimes available in some more complex public sector disciplinary procedures. Sometimes a further hearing can be justified even though it is not provided for in the disciplinary procedure, because of fundamental defects in the way the original hearing was handled. For example, because crucial new evidence was introduced at the hearing and the employer made the decision without giving the employee the chance to deal with it, or the decision was tainted by bias. This rarely happens in practice.